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What is the maximum cable length in relation to data rate for CAN, RS-232, RS422, and USB?

What is the maximum cable length in relation to data rate for CAN, RS-232, RS422, and USB?

April 23, 2025

Protocol

Max Speed

Typical Max Cable Length

Key Considerations

CAN

1 Mbps

40 m

Needs termination (120Ω)

RS-232

115.2 kbps

5-15 m

Single-ended, noise-sensitive

RS-422

10 Mbps

12 m (120 m @ 1 Mbps)

Differential, multi-drop

USB 2.0

480 Mbps

5 m (passive)

Requires hubs for longer runs

USB 3.0

5 Gbps

3 m (passive)

Active optical for > 3 m

General Recommendations

  • For long distances (industrial/automotive): Use CAN or RS-422.
  • For short-distance PC peripherals: USB (with extenders if needed).
  • Legacy systems: RS-232 is limited; prefer RS-422 for better range.
  • Signal Integrity: Always use shielded twisted-pair (STP) cables in noisy environments.
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